What do universal precautions include

Disinfecting agents may cause deterioration. Use general-purpose utility gloves e. Utility gloves may be decontaminated and reused but should be discarded if they are peeling, cracked, or discolored, or if they have punctures, tears, or other evidence of deterioration.

Universal precautions are not intended to change waste management programs previously recommended by CDC for health-care settings 1. Policies for defining, collecting, storing, decontaminating, and disposing of infective waste are generally determined by institutions in accordance with state and local regulations. Information regarding waste management regulations in health-care settings may be obtained from state or local health departments or agencies responsible for waste management.

Editorial Note: Implementation of universal precautions does not eliminate the need for other category- or disease-specific isolation precautions, such as enteric precautions for infectious diarrhea or isolation for pulmonary tuberculosis 1,2.

In addition, specific precautions have been developed for research laboratories Centers for Disease Control.

Recommendations for prevention of HIV transmission in health-care settings. MMWR ;36 suppl no. Guideline for isolation precautions in hospitals.

Infect Control ; Immunization Practices Advisory Committee. Recommendations for protection against viral hepatitis. MMWR ;, Update: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and human immunodeficiency virus infection among health-care workers. Hollander H, Levy JA. Neurologic abnormalities and recovery of human immunodeficiency virus from cerebrospinal fluid. Ann Intern Med ; Isolation of human immunodeficiency virus from synovial fluid of a patient with reactive arthritis.

Br Med J ; Human immunodeficiency virus isolated from amniotic fluid. Lancet ; Arthritis of hepatitis associated with Australia antigen. Mechanisms of maternal-fetal transmission of hepatitis B virus. J Infect Dis ; Hepatitis B virus in peritoneal dialysis fluid: A potential hazard. Dialysis and Transplantation ; HIV infection with seroconversion after a superficial needlestick injury to the finger Letter. N Engl J Med ; Lifson AR. Do alternate modes for transmission of human immunodeficiency virus exist?

This includes exam, treatment, procedure, and patient rooms, labs, EMS areas and nursing stations. According to the California State Medical Waste Management Program, the following items are treated as biohazardous waste:.

In addition to Standard Precautions, further measures are taken when patients are suspected of having organisms that could be spread in ways other than in blood or body fluids. California State University, Dominguez Hills. Facilities and Leasing. Media Resources.

Universal Precautions and Bloodborne Pathogens. Expand Menu. Latest News. If hands are NOT visibly dirty, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer to routinely disinfect hands. When hands are visibly dirty do the following: Wash hands with antibacterial soap and water OR Wash hands with regular soap and water and then use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer.

Perform Hand Hygiene Before patient contact After patient contact Before performing clean and aseptic procedures After removal of gloves Whenever hands are contaminated Before donning sterile gloves Before eating After Toileting Hand Hygiene Techniques Handwashing Use soap and water to wash hands. Rub all hand surfaces for seconds.

Dry well with paper towels. Use paper towel to turn off the faucet. All body fluids in situations where it is difficult or impossible to differentiate between body fluids 2. Urine 6 , Control, action or other measure.

To protect workers against exposure to Exposure control plan and required elements thereof Prohibiting eating, drinking, smoking, or application of cosmetics or lip balm and handling of contact lenses in areas where there is a reasonable likelihood of occupational exposure Separating food and drink from areas where blood and OPIM are present Prohibiting mouth pipetting and suctioning of blood or OPIM Safe specimen storage, packaging, shipment PPE — N95 or higher respirators for aerosol-generating procedures on patients with suspected or proven infections transmitted by respiratory aerosols.

PPE — Any additional appropriate equipment to prevent blood or other potentially infectious materials to pass through to or reach the employee's work clothes, street clothes, undergarments, skin, eyes, mouth, or other mucous membranes under normal conditions of use and for the duration of time which the protective equipment will be used. Standard precautions include maintaining personal hygiene and using personal protective equipment PPE , engineering controls, work practice controls, and proper equipment cleaning and spill cleanup procedures.

Although developed for healthcare professionals, universal precautions should be taken by anyone who may have contact with blood or body fluids. It is recommended to call a bioremediation company to clean up a blood spill that is larger than a standard dinner plate.